Hydraulic turbines are essential components in hydroelectric power generation, converting the energy in flowing water into mechanical energy and, ultimately, electricity. One of the key types of hydraulic turbines is the axial-flow turbine. This article will explore the working principle and key cha

ApplicationFrancis turbines can be designed for various heads and flows. This versatility and high efficiency make them the most widely used turbines in the world. Francis units have heads ranging from 40 to 600 meters (130 to 2,000 ft), and they are connected to generators with outputs ranging from